CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION
1.1. Problem BackgroundThe continued development of world music in the
world, especially Indonesia to make traditional music or classical music
much forgotten, especially by youth.They prefer modern music of the classical music such as pop, rock,
etc.. Traditional music, especially classical music a lot of
forgotten or even a lot of teenagers today who do not know.Should we as a
nation's next generation still preserve the traditional music culture
so that later we can introduce to the international world of music. Because
traditional music is one of Indonesia's cultural heritage of many
cultures that we have. That in the
future of traditional music culture is not taken and recognized by other
countries as well as the cultures that have been taken and recognized
other countries.Many things we can do to further explore the classical
music audience has attracted attention for so many people know and love
the traditional music which is a precious heritage that should and
should we preserve.1.2. The purpose PapersThe purpose of this paper:A. Development of traditional music today.2.
To study the
traditional music3. To introduce more
traditional music1.3. Benefits of PaperA. To add to the literature for high school students Trawas N
1, in order to learn more about traditional music, especially music
keroncong.2. To know the
history and development of music keroncong.CHAPTER IIDISCUSSION
ISSUE
Origin - The proposalKeroncong come from similar
roots music known as fado Portuguese introduced by sailors and merchant
slave ship that nation since the 16th century to the archipelago. From
mainland India (Goa) was first entered music in the Malacca and then
played by the slaves of the Moluccas. The weakening influence of
the Portuguese in the century - 17 in the archipelago does not
necessarily mean the loss of this music as well. This
early form of music called Moresco (a Spanish dance, Spanish, such as
the rather slow polka rhythm), a song by dimalana Kusbini rearranged now
known by the name of Kr. Muritsku, which accompanied by a stringed
musical instrument. Keroncong music coming from the
monument in Monument keroncong call. During its development, it makes a number
of traditional elements of the archipelago, even down to the Malay
Peninsula. This
golden era continued until sometime in the 1960s, and then faded due to
the inclusion of a wave of popular music (rock music that developed
since 1950, and victories Beatle music and the like since 1961 until
now). Nevertheless, keroncong music still
played and enjoyed by all walks of life in Indonesia and Malaysia until
now.Musical - Musical
InstrumentsIn
its earliest form, Moresco music accompanied by strings, like a violin,
ukulele, and cello. Percussion is also sometimes used. Set the orchestra of this kind are still used by
keroncong monument, which still form keroncong played by the community
of Portuguese descendants of slaves who lived in Kampung Ambon Monument,
North Jakarta, which later expanded to the south in Kemayoran and
Gambir by Betawi people mingle with the music Tanjidor (year 1880 to 1920). Year 1920 - 1960 moved to
Solo development centers, and adapt to a slower rhythm of nature
according to the Javanese.Pem-"native"-an
art making keroncong mixed, with musical instruments such as:• Sitar India•
Rebab• Bamboo Flute• Drum,
kenong, and saron as a set of gamelan•
GongToday, the musical instruments used in
orchestras keroncong include• Ukulele choke, strings 3 (nylon), tone sequence is
G, B, and E; as the main instrument voicing crong crong so-called
keroncong (discovered in 1879 in Hawaii, and is a milestone early onset
keroncong music).• Ukulele cak, strings 4
(steel), tone sequence A, D, Fis, and B. So when the other instruments
playing scales C, cak play on scales F (known as in F);• an acoustic guitar as the guitar
melodies, played with style kontrapuntis (anti melody);• Biola (replacing fiddle); since been made
by the Amati or Stradivarius of Cremona Italy around the year 1600 have
not changed the model until now.• Flute (replacing the
Bamboo Flute), the Tempo Era Albert Doeloe wear Flute (ebony flute with
holes and valve, somewhat broken voice, orchestra samples Lief Java),
while in the Era of the Eternal Keroncong have used Bohm Flute (Flute
metal all the valve, the sound is more refined with a beautiful tone
ornaments, Sunarno flutis example of Solo or Beny Waluyo of Jakarta);• Selo;
betot replace the drum, also has not changed since made by Amati and
Stradivarius of Cremona Italy 1600, only played in keroncong typically
plucked / pizzikato;• Bass
(replacing Gong), also a plucked bass, has never changed since made by
Amati and Stradivarius of Cremona Italy 1600 made;Guards beat on
hold by ukulele and bass. Kontrapuntis guitar and
cello which regulate rhythmic chord transition. Violin melody serves as a guide, as well as decoration /
ornament below. Flut fill the
ornaments, which floating melodies fill the empty space.
Keroncong form mixed with popular music
now use a single organ and synthesizer to accompany the song keroncong
(in single-stage organ playing keroncong versatile, dangdut, rock,
polka, march).Types KeroncongKeroncong music leaning more on chord progressions and
the type of tool used. Since the mid-20 th century has been known
for at least three kinds of keroncong, which can be recognized from the
pattern of progression akordnya. For
musicians who already understand the plot, to accompany the songs
keroncong actually not difficult, because quite fit the prevailing
pattern. The development will be to maintain the
consistency of the pattern. In addition, there are
mixed forms and adaptations.Present developments KeroncongAfter
experiencing a long evolution since the arrival of the Portuguese in
Indonesia (1522) and the settlement of the slaves in the village
monument in 1661 [1], and this is the early evolution of the long
keroncong music (1661-1880), nearly du centuries, but keroncong not show the actual identity of the
voice-crong crong-crong, so it may be said keroncong music was not born
in 1661-1880.And finally
experienced the evolution of music keroncong last short since 1880 until
now, with three stages of the recent developments that have taken place
and an estimate of new developments (keroncong millenium). Initial milestone was in 1879 [2], in
the discovery of the Hawaiian ukelele [3] which soon became the main
instrument in keroncong (ukelele sound: crong-crong-crong), whereas the
early millennium keroncong existing signs, but not yet developing (Bonda Carey).Four stages
of the development is [4]a) The old days (1880 - 1920),b) The eternal keroncong (1920
- 1960), andc) The modern keroncong (1960 - 2000), andd) The keroncong
millennium (2000-present)Doeloe Tempo period (1880 - 1920)Ukelele
discovered in 1879 in Hawaii, it is estimated that next year a new
Keroncong transformed in 1880, in the monument area and then spread to
the southern area of Kemayoran, and Gambier (see there is a track and
Markets Gambir Kemayoran, circa 1913). Komedie
Stamboel 1891 - 1903 born in the city of Port of Surabaya in 1891, a
Performance Style Instanbul, which held a road show in the Netherlands
East Indies, Singapore and Malaya by rail or steamer. In
general, the show includes the story 1001 Nights (Arabian) and the
European story (and the People's Opera), including Tale of India and
Persia. As
an interlude, between the scene and the opening, the music is played
marches, polkas, harp, and keroncong. Special entry keroncong Stambul known at that time I, Stambul II,
and III Stambul.At that time Stambul upbeat songs (about 120 meters
to one beat a quarter note), where the monument called the Village
People as Keroncong Portuguese, while Gesang said as Keroncong Quick,
and mingle with the original Tanjidor Batawi. At this time the Indo
known musicians, and the legendary violinist is M.Sagi (notice the tape
Idris Sardi violin song Jali-jali Stambul II based on the arrangement of
M. Sagi). As it is known that the
length opera song is 16 bars, which consist of:Abadi Keroncong period (1920 -
1960)At this time the length of track has been
changed to 32 bar, due to the influence of American pop music that hit
the dance floor at Hotel12 Indonesia at that time, dominated by
musicians from the Philippines (as Pablo, Sambayon, etc.), and
consequently also the song at that time was 32 measure also, note the song Indonesia Raya
(1924) at that time also had 32 signatures. Further development of
the center switch to Solo and rhythm are also much slower (about 80 for
quarter-tone). This period was born Solo musicians such as Gesang. Eternal Keroncong songs
consist of:Keroncong
Modern Period (1960 - 2000)Developments
keroncong Solo and the surrounding area still, but the emergence of new
styles that are different from Keroncong The Eternal (including
musicians), and a renewal in accordance with the environment.Java styleKeroncong adaptation of
gamelan musical tradition known as Idioms Java, which is different from
the style in question here. Java style has a special
feature on the addition of instruments such as zither, drums (can be
represented with a modified game of cello-style drums), saron, and the
presence or mysticism in the form of introduction take vocal without
instruments to open before starting the whole rhythm. Idioms
Java in 1968 developed into Mix.Generally have a pop structure is AABA or ABCD also by the
number of 32 bars. Java
Idioms famous song in 1958 was the creation of Anjar Any (1936-2008):
Yen Ing Tawang Ana latitude (Tawang in Javanese means: clouds, sky, and
the other meaning of the name of a village in Magetan, If There is a
Star in the Sky ). Java style became famous by
Waljinah ever as a champion of the junior high school in Solo RRI 1958.Keroncong BeatThe foundation was started by leaders of Fresh Pirngadie
Rudy, in Jakarta in 1959 and could accompany western pop songs (the
desire to move more universal). At that time, Idris Sardi
joined a tour of the New York World's Fair in the United States with the
violin in 1964 with the intention of going to introduce the song pop
west (I left my heart in San Francisco, at that time in 1964 this song
is one hit in the world) to the accompaniment keroncong beat, but he's been fined due to violation of the
copyright without permission.With Keroncong Beat the variety of songs
(not a series of harmonies keroncong. Including Minor Key) can sing like
La Paloma, Monalisa, Thistle, Prickly Rose, etc..Sari MixAt
South Mountain (DI Yogyakarta) in 1968 Manthous gamelan instrument
introducing joint and keroncong music, which became known as the Mix. Now the Solo, Sragen, Ngawi,
and the surrounding area, known as a center of musical artists
campursari. Regent Sukoharjo enliven even the stock campursari.Koes Plus Keroncong-Shania
Twain is known as a pioneer of rock music in Indonesia, in about the
year 1974 is also instrumental in the rock music keroncong. The meeting was
Keroncong Keroncong Koes Plus with the structure of the mixture (in
Dutch called Meng-vorm or the UK Combine form) between Stambul Keroncong
II and style.If Indonesia can rock band follow-Koes Plus to preserve their
own culture as keroncong, then how beautiful music can be popular
Indonesian rock to the rhythm of my hometown, means music keroncong not
die (word Gesang). Hopefully Mbah,
Indonesia's young generation can continue keroncong music.Keroncong Dangdut (Congdut)Keroncong
dangdut (Congdut) is the answer to the swift effect of dangdut music in
popular music in Indonesia since the 1980s. Along with
the strengthening campursari in Javanese popular music performances, a
musician, is said to start from Surakarta, incorporating elements into
the beat dangdut songs classic and new Java style. Didi
sunken is the main character of this reform movement. Well-known
songs include Racing, Sewu Kuto.
[The Keroncong Millenium (2000-present)Although the music in the era
keroncong millennium (2000's) has not been part of Indonesian pop music
industry, but some still appreciate the music keroncong. The
music group "Keroncong Red and White" [citation needed], the
London-based keroncong still active enough to do the show. Additionally, Mariah Carey and his group Black Eyed Fade 2
Black, creating a composition titled "Keroncong Protol" that
successfully combines style rap music with background music rhythm
keroncong.Figure KeroncongIndonesia one
of the characters who have contributed substantially in memperbesarkan
keroncong music is the father of Gesang. Man having second thoughts Surakarta (Solo) is even
getting compensation for each year of the Japanese government for
successfully introducing keroncong music there. One of the most famous song (song) Solo. Because of that dedication, by Gesang nicknamed "Crocodile
Keroncong" by the personnel of keroncong Indonesia, called for keroncong
music experts. Gesang said the MASA rhythm keroncong opera
(1880-1920), which develops in Jakarta (Monument, Kemayoran, and
Gambier) as Keroncong Quick; while after moving to the center of the
development of Solo (MASA keroncong ABADI; 1920-1960) rhythm becomes
slower.On the other hand the name of Anjar Any (Solo, Idioms
Java creator of more than 2000 songs, who died in 2008) have also
contributed to the Java style keroncong for its Waljinah (Solo), whereas
R.Pirngadie (Jakarta) to beat keroncong, Manthous (Gunungkidul ,
London) for Mix-and Koes Plus (Solo / Jakarta) to Keroncong Rock, as
well as sunken Didi (Ngawi) for Congdut.Trivia• The origin of the name "Crocodile
Keroncong" range in his songs, Solo. Solo is the name
of a river in the area of Surakarta. As is known, has a
crocodile in the swamp and the river habitat. Greatest Reptill almost invincible in
their habitat, as it becomes a vicious predator. The underlying supposition that sort of
thing is why Gesang referred to as "Crocodile Keroncong".Protol "Did Keroncong
Indonesia?Keroncong music is one of
the many types of music in Indonesia. Keroncong
think a traditional classical music and lilting and very comfortable in
the ear or the cool language of his "bedtime".Still very
clearly recorded in my mind about the song that I've known since
keroncong small that the song "Solo" during my childhood was very often
played on radio stations of the Republic of Indonesia, so no need to
memorize it as if I was familiar at all with solo songs such as automatically entered
in my left brain.And possible origin in the
know have had as a kid, I was most displeased with that name every time
there's keroncong keroncong song on the radio would automatically be
moved to another event channel. However, as time passed
when it was rare and never listen to the song keroncong as "Solo" this
sense of missed and miss (when first anti keroncong) comes out of
nowhere.Now the
lyrics, the song keroncong have very rarely heard in the ears is either
because they rarely listen to the radio or even the artist does
keroncong in this archipelago is no longer echoes and creates his works.Alm. The
Maestro "Mbah Gesang" an artist who became a symbol of victories
Keroncong music keroncong Indonesia at that time a worthy son of the
proud nation.Nation Indonesia is
now losing the Maestro Keroncong Indonesia is the nation's cry, but his
work and your services in the art would have eternal keroncong Indonesia
in the heart and "Solo" you will still be a harbinger of the Maestro
"Mbah Gesang" is now gone.So, will "Protol" Did Keroncong Indonesia?Questions that may be
difficult to answer for all of us because now it's time to shift the
tone keroncong been displaced by most types of music in Indonesia is now
a trend like, Dangdut, POP, Malay, Me, Rock, Chorus, etc..We hope keroncong music will still
be there and not be "Protol" until later, until death.Although different streams but there is still a
few musicians who care about this keroncong music like Black Eyed FADE 2
BLACK which in 2007 released the album 2nya and have a single titled
"Keroncong Protol" a combination of mucin Keroncong song, POP, and
Chorus .Hopefully the musicians Indonesia
moved to create works that does have elements that Keroncong keroncong
Indonesia will not be "Protol" until later to death.
CHAPTER IIICLOSING
ConclusionBased on a paper entitled
"The Art of Music Keroncong" it can be concluded that the art of music
keroncong not experienced changes for the better, it should be
recognition-recognition of the youth culture of the nation continue to
do so not to fade and die especially not to the music and the culture
was taken and recognized
by another state.So it
can be done developing the art of traditional music, especially music
keroncong.SuggestionHopefully with this
paper can stimulate our enthusiasm for learning and high school students
in N 1 Trawas also be more correct if the many shortcomings of this
paper.
REFERENCES
http://www.google.comhttp://id.wikipedia,
org / wiki / music keroncong
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)