papers on the cow temple in Indonesia

CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION
1.1. BackgroundAmong the many ancient relics in Indonesia, the temple is one of the most ancient type of building society interest, both among scholars, tourists and ordinary citizens. The appeal of a temple for the ancient umumdan experts may differ in the way of judging. To the public, the temple will draw attention if there are elements of grandeur or beauty found in the building. The beauty and splendor of this would be felt if the temple is not in disarray, but has been restored. It would be fun again for the visitors of the temple, especially for the layman, if prior to or at the time of visiting the temple, for they are given little explanation about the ins and outs of the temple they are visiting. For the purposes of this paper that we presented to the general public who visit the temple Jawi, one of the temples are located in East Java that has recently been refurbished and inaugurated the completion of its restoration by the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia.As we know, today in Indonesia have recovered hundreds of large and small temples. It seems worthy of note that in all our land area of ​​this vast temple are found. Of the 27 provinces only temple in eight provinces have been found, namely: North Sumatra (Padang Lawas), Riau (Muara Talus), Jambi (Jambi Estuary), West Java (Cangkuang), South Kalimantan (Great Temple), Bali (Gianyar area) and finding that most are located in three provinces of Yogyakarta, Central Java and East Java.
1.2. Problem formulationRestriction problems in the writing of this report are as follows:a. Is the real meaning of a temple?b. Why a temple is considered as a monument?c. Whether a temple is a sacred building?
1.3 Research ObjectivesThe report is deliberately structured toa. Provide solutions to them what a beautyb. Knowing the advantages of a templec. To find out how a temple manilai
1.4 Benefits of ResearchThe benefits of this research isa. As the material knowledge of a templeb. For the reader or reading material as a student / high school student PROSPER Prigenc. To prove that the temple was very beautiful

 CHAPTER IIFRAMEWORK THEORY
Today in East Java is one among the 10 main destination regions (DTW) in Indonesia. In addition to archaeological heritage of the region and surrounding Trowulan, the temple - the temple artifacts in Malang, and surrounding areas such as Jago temple, Kidal temple, temple Singosari, upgrading the temple, the temple Surowono, Jawi temple and other objects merupan tourism potential in the area of ​​East Java.
To find where lies the temple Jawi is not difficult. When we are in Surabaya, we headed toward the town of Malang keselatan. After about 45 km from Surabaya, we will arrive at the city district Pandaan.
In this Pandaan there are two roads intersection. At the intersection of two roads that veer toward the right (west) which is the road that leads to the small town that is Tretes, this road that we should be aiming. At a distance of approximately 500 m from perigaan Pandaan we will arrive at the park gate Wilwatika Candra and 200 m more in the direction we're going to Tretes in Jawi temple that stands right on the right side of the road. This temple belongs to the administrative area of ​​the village Candiwates, District Prigen, WordPress.
 CHAPTER IIIMETHODS
This study used objective methods of experimental research. Methods of experimental research objective is based on literature research methods and an interview. Why is this study using this method because it not only takes just a theory proves true fatherly and limitations issue, so an indirect studies have also interviewed people who had tried to go into a temple.
 CHAPTER IVDATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Limitation ProblemBuildings and artifacts from the Classical era (Indonesia - Hindu) famous general public as the "temple" in Central Java, East Java, or cupola, and Biaro in Sumatra, by the early archaeologists - initially considered a funeral building. Understanding of the temple as the tomb was first - first raised by Raffles in his book "History of Java" (1817)Raffles assumption that the temple was the burial place diterma and later developed by the author - the author of the next such as: Van Hoevel, Brumund, Leemans, Veth, Yzerman, Groeneveleldt, Stutterheim and another - another.Dr. W.F. Stutterheim, a famous archaeologist of the Dutch, who had led the Bureau of Antiquities in Indonesia between the years 1936 to 1940. had expressed the opinion that the temple is a monument to the cemetery, where a king's ashes stored in a stone coffin (peripih) are then placed in wells located behind the temple. Above the well (wells) were then set up statues of the king embodiment forms adapted to the religious affiliation of the king during his lifetime, whether Hindus and Buddhists. A growing belief that the past is that a king is not human but a divine incarnation tertentu.apalagi king died, he considered returning to the god penitisnya. Even so, the people who are still alive still keep in touch with the king through the medium of sacred buildings known as temples. So in addition to the temple as a monument to the cemetery, as well as well as building a shrine sacred to the people.If people want to make contact with the king / god, the ceremony was held in the temple worship. With certain ceremonies of gods found in the temple will be "live" because the spirit of the king fell from heaven every time "please come" in the ceremony.In terms of determining the function of the temple of the ancient experts have differing opinions after the fact that the reliefs that adorn the temple there is a story that "readers" from right to left according to pradaksina (clockwise), in addition there is also a must read from left to right according prasawya (berlawanana-clockwise). Dr. J. L.A. Brandes says that the temples are reading conflicting premises pradaksina relief it must be considered profane building, or at least less necessary in building respect, purity.Meanwhile, Dr. N.J. Krom where the department believes that the rules which people must take if it wants to do homage around the building (temple) since the time of Singasari have not addressed yet, so if the order of relief against the pradaksina not a thing that has meaning again.Both of the above theory archaeologist is not approved by the Supreme Court, Musses, which says that all the temples that require visitors to prasawnya is building funeral.Opinion that the temple is building the cemetery since 1974 has been denied by Dr. R. Soekmono, which in disertainya entitled: "Temple, Function and understanding", with convincing evidence that he said that the temple is not merely the worship building. Soekmono further said that there is no evidence that in peripih stored in the wells of any temple in Indonesia found human ashes. Habits of the Hindu religion, as it is still growing steadily in Bali until today, when one (king) died, his body was later washed away arau sea to the river. Habit of saving part or all of human ashes in the temple or the temple that does not exist, as evidenced in Bali today, the opinion of Dr. R. Soekmono.According kakawin Nagarakertagama Jawi temple called java-java, sometimes referred to as: dharma, temples, sucandi. According to Dr. R. Soekmono Further, Jawi temple is not the burial place of kings Kertanegara ashes, but the place "pendharmaan" king of the mammal.

 Jawi temple restoration
A. Principle - the principle of restoration of the templeAs explained above that the temple was not sartu found intact. If now we find there the temple has been undergoing refurbishment by Oudheikundige Dienst or Department of Antiquities.In principle, the restoration of the temples or buildings of historical and archaeological generally is "repair" the damaged buildings (collapse) is usually caused by too old or lack of care.Building - an old building in terms of architecture, religious background, functions and other features representing its time, a source of historical data (culture) is very important. Therefore, restoration of the building containing the history, architectural characteristics typical of the region and others nothing but the goal is to save the relics of historical or cultural heritage of the dangers of extinction.Temple as one of the very high heritage value including the dead kind of monument building (building off), meaning that the building was no longer functioning as originally constructed time / this means that the task of maintenance, protection, restoration of these types of buildings entirely the obligation of the government , in this case represented by the Ministry of Education and Culture Protection and Development Directorate of Heritage and Archaeology.Although the restoration of the temple was the duty of the Government, does not mean that all the temples should be restored. For the restoration of heritage buildings of the temple or to follow a lot of requirements, among others:a. Each restoration of temples and archaeological heritage and generally the results should be scientifically justified both from a technical point of historical and archaeological.b. From a technical perspective, the restoration should be guaranteed to last a long time to natural disturbances tens or even hundreds of years, all restoration activities must be documented in the form of maps, and photos bamgar as complete since before the restoration until the restoration began, during the restoration lasted until the restoration is over.c. In doing restoration should use as much data as authentic the original building materials. The use of new materials as a substitute for the old material is missing (broken) can only be justified within the limits - the limits of archaeological technically justifiable.d. Not justified to make changes shape, type and quality of the original (stone, brick, etc.)e. If many of the original stone is lost, then the restoration should only be done if the rock layers in a row at least there is a genuine stone. If not, then the restoration should only be done on paper.f. Before the temple is restored, the arrangement must be made before trial, either on paper or in fact. When the arrangement of this experiment was originally thought to be true, then the real restoration can be done.g. If it turns out in the arrangement of the experiment there is less evidence that the original stone (lost) one layer let alone more, then the restoration should not be made real.In terms of implementation of the restoration procedures must be carried out after a feasibility study which concluded that the restoration was feasible and reliable in every way to be implemented. At - at least every renovation must obtain written approval from the Directorate of Protection and Construction Heritage and Antiquities, according to the provisions of Ordinance Monumenten Stb. No. 238 in 1931.In conjunction with the restoration to the rescue and protection of historical and archaeological heritage, the restoration of the implementing regulations shall take into account the international and regional such as: Charter for Conversation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites ICOMOS established by the (1964) and Recommendation SPAFA Workshop on Techniques of Monument Restoration (1980) and others.Meanwhile, national provisions applicable is that the implementation of restoration shall be in accordance GBHN (Broad Outlines of State Policy) is to maintain and foster the heritage which has national struggle, pride and national benefits to nurture, enrich and idiom of the National Culture.2. Jawi temple restorationOf all the provisions described above extent Jawi temple restoration has been accounted for?. After examining all the good virgin who proved that from a technical perspective there are still good in the form of drawings, photographs and other recorded in the technical report of restoration, it is evident that the restoration of the temple Jawi can be accounted for. It must be admitted that a technical perspective there are still some objections from our experts enshrinement.The restoration of the temple was first Jawi at the building still serves as a shrine in the year 1331 due to being struck by lightning. Restoration was completed in 1332, according to kekawin Negarakertagama.After the temple Jawi is not working again a few centuries later, the building was buried under the dust and then collapsed overgrown bushes, because no one is paying attention or care for the population change since the religion of Hinduism to Islam.The restoration of technically qualified first archeology occurred in 1938 - 1939 by Oudheikundige Dienst. To initiate restoration activities have been carried out excavations of research to find the stone - stone temples around the temple. In this excavation found the foot of the temple, moat that surrounds the temple, statues - statues of Hindu religion and Bugha. Excavations are still continuing in the next year found the fence around the temple which shows that the actual page Jawi temple was very large compared to the present. Courtyard houses in front of the temple across the road right now (see attached picture).After the excavation of research, the next activity is to hold a trial arrangement. Because the temple stones were found in excavations in 1938 - 1939 was not quite complete as the technical requirements for the restoration of the entire scientific Jawi temple, which can be done at that time was only restoring the foot of the temple. Meanwhile, let alone the rest of the temple remains in the experimental arrangement.The fact that in the future many of the stones of the temple Jawi layout experiment results are taken by residents for domestic use, and based on a tip that there are many stones of the temple are still buried in the ground, then at the start of Pelita II (1975/1976) began the effort to rebuild the temple Jawi. In a study conducted excavations in early 1976 around the Jawi temple have been found as many as 806 pieces of stone temples and as many as 39 other fruits found in the homes of the population that has been used for the base with houses and so on.Attempts to conduct the restoration of Jawi temple continued until in 1980 after a shortage of stone for the full restoration of stone filled with new, because many of the old stones are found to be incomplete and not strong enough to be used again.At first the Dutch, as has been explained above, this does not dipygar Jawi temple until its peak because there are several layers of stone temple of the body is not found. But the restoration activities that take place between the years 1975 - 1980 based on image data that can be trusted accountability, temple stones are missing that would represent each layer of stone was found. Thus the requirements of Jawi temple restoration has been scientifically justified. And restoration which has cost the entire amount of: USD 93,603,000.00 (ninety-three million six hundred three thousand dollars). Implemented by the project of restoration and maintenance of Heritage of East Java and implemented its own (self governance) with technical guidance dang guidance directly from the Directorate of Protection and Construction Heritage and Archaeology.In closing this brief account we would like to appeal to visitors of the temple Jawi community in particular, objects of historical and archaeological heritage generally, in order to preserve the heritage preservation of the temple Jawi as our ancestors who have succeeded with great difficulty we pugar back. By keeping our Jawi temple always looks neat, clean, no scratch - graffiti or other vandalism of stones will show that we are able to protect the safety of the cultural heritage of our forefathers should be proud of.
 CHAPTER VCONCLUSION
Of all kinds of relics in the form of an ancient temple that can be classified is a unique, why because of rather than in terms of shape and the existence of a temple that could be considered attractive may also pass such stories of the kings in ancient times.From here we can know and learn the process of how and why could such a way or make it. The existence of a temple in the world is a form of concord in earlier times than in today for a temple is one can judge a beauty such as terms of art, creativity and the ancient craft is less interesting than in this day and age all the beauties are tied in terms of appearance only.From all this we can pick a lesson in how to assess the superiority of a temple of beauty and how early is not good to be interesting to see and be seen.
 REFERENCES
Coedes. G. 1968: The Indiantzed States of South East Asia. Edited by Walter F. Vella. Tranlated by Susan Brown Cowing East West Center Press. Honolulu. p. 198-201.Direktoral General of Culture. 1980: Technical Guidelines for the implementation of Activities. PTPK project.Directorate General of Culture. 1982 to 1983. TEMPLE Jawi. Jakarta: Directorate General of Culture.